The Hungary Page - Hungarian Nobel Prize Winners

CHEMISTRY	MEDICINE	PHYSICS	ECONOMICS	PEACE
1925 *Richard Zsigmondy* (1865 - 1929) for his work on methods in the study of colloid chemistry. Photo of Richard Zsigmondy	1914 *Robert Bárány* (1876 - 1936) for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus. Photo of Dr. Bárány	1905 *Fülöp von Lenárd* (1862 - 1947, b. Pozsony, Hungary now Bratislava, Slovakia) for studies in x-rays and the cathode ray tube Photo of Dr. Lénárd	1994 *John Harsányi* (b. 1920, Budapest, Hungary) For his pioneering analysis of equilibrium in the theory of non-cooperative games.	1986 *Elie Wiesel* (b. 1928, Máramarossziget, now Sighet, Transylvania) for his dedication to peace, atonement, and human dignity
1939 *Leopold Ruziczka* (1887 - 1976, b. Vukovár, Hungary) for his work on polymethylenes & higher terpenes	1937 *Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrápolt* (b. 1893) for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion process with special reference to vitamin C & the catalysis of fumaric acid. First to isolate Vitamin C which he found in abundance in Hungarian paprika. Mmmm, yummy. Now that's research - Hungarian style!. Dr. Daniel Lõwy of The University of Memphis adds: Szentgyörgyi's co-worker, member of the Hungarian Academy Mathematician Béla Bollobás, is Chair Professor at the University of Memphis	1944 *Isidor Rabi* (1898 - 1988, b. Rymanov, Hungary) for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. Photo of Dr. Rabi
1943 *George de Hevesy* (1885 - 1966) for his pioneering work with isotopes as tracers. Winner of Atom for Peace Award 1959. Photo of Hevesy	1961 *George von Békésy* (b. 1899) for his discoveries concerning the physical mechanisms of stimulation within the cochlea. Photo of Dr. Békésy	1963 *Eugene Wigner* (b. 1902) for research on structure of atom & its nucleus. Responsible for the Manhattan Project idea and letter to President Roosevelt. Received Fermi Award and shared the Atoms for Peace Award with fellow Hungarian Leo Szilárd. He was also a member of the US Atomic Energy Commission and a Professor at Princeton. Co-developed the atomic bomb and is known as the *Father of Nuclear Engineering. Photo of Dr. Wigner* See *Wigner Bio* at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, or see *Wigner* at the History of Mathematics Archive at the University of St. Andrews
1986 *John Polányi* (b. 1929) for work on chemical reaction dynamics. Used chemiluminescence of molecules to elucidate energy relationships in chemical reactions. Photo of Dr. Polányi		1971 *Dennis Gábor* (1900 - 1979) for his investigation and development of holography. Photo of Dr. Gábor
1994 George Oláh* For the study of hydrocarbons, the ingredients of oil and natural gas, and his discovery of new ways to use them. Photo of Dr. Oláh	A short biography on the latest recipient in chemistry, George Oláh (Oláh György):* In the early 1960s, he and his colleagues discovered that extremely strong acids, called superacids, could be used to modify hydrocarbons to make them easier to study. That helped give the world more effective oil refining, lead-free gasoline and has enabled scientists to make plastics and other petroleum-based products with less damage to the environment. Trained in chemistry in Hungary, Mr. Oláh left in 1956 soon after the failed uprising against Communist rule and moved to the United States. George Oláh has 85 patents from seven countries, including four for the transformation of natural gas into the type of hydrocarbons used in gasoline. The Baltimore Sun, October 13, 1994.