Genocide in Transylvania

CONCLUSION

Hungary's "Legitimate Claims"
Acknowledged by the U.S. in 1945

Longrange American
Interest in Hungary

(Diplomatic Papers, the Conferences in Malta and Yalta, 1945. PreConference Documents, Negotiations and Recommendations, Principal Hungarian Problems, pp.243, 246.)

THE LONGRANGE INTEREST OF THE UNITED STATES IN HUNGARY CENTERS ON OUR DESIRE TO SEE ESTABLISHED PEACEFUL AND STABLE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG EUROPEAN NATIONS. THE UNITED STATES HAS AN INTEREST IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SOLUTIONS OF
HUNGARY'S BOUNDARY DISPUTES AND ITS POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS WHICH WILL PROMOTE ORDERLY PROGRESS AND PEACE WITH NEIGHBORING STATES.
WE BELIEVE THIS NTEREST WOULD BE SERVED BY A TERRITORIAL SETTLEMENT WHICH WOULD TRANSFER TO HUNGARY SOME OF THE PREDOMINANTLY HUNGARIANPOPULATED DISTRICTS IN SOUTHERN SLOVAKIA ALSO.
IT WOULD BE DESIRABLE TO SECURE THE AGREEMENT OF THE BRITISH AND SOVIET GOVERNMENTS ON THE::
DESIRABILITY OF FINDING A SOLUTION OF THE HUNGARIANRUMANIAN FRONTIER DISPUTE WHICH WILL GIVE SOME SATISFACTION TO HUNGARY'S LEGITIMATE CLAIMS AND PROMOTE PEACEFUL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO STATES.

WHY ARE THE SAME LEGITIMATE CLAIMS NOT ACKNOWLEDGED TODAY?

Rumanians Admit
"Right of Intervention"

In a book, published in 1971 by the Academy of the Socialist Republic of Rumania, entitled "Unification of the Rumanian National State", and widely distributed by the Rumanian Embassy within the United States, the distinguished authors have this to say concerning the Peace Treaty (page 314):
"The Trianon Treaty includes some clauses which affected to some extent the independence and sovereignty of the Rumanian state; the Rumanian delegation at the Peace Conference accepted these clauses under pressure from the representatives of the Great Powers. Such was the clause providing for the protection of the national minorities from the outside..."

"The protests of the Rumanian delegation against these clauses... were ignored by the Great Powers. Article 47 was included in the Treaty, stipulating that Rumania pledges itself to Hungary to include in a Treaty concluded with the Chief Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as these Powers may consider necessary to protect in Rumania the interest of citizens who differ from the majority of the population in respect of race, language of religion..."
"Undoubtedly, by such provisions the Big Powers reserved their right to interfere in Rumania's internal affairs" the authors conclude on page 314.

Though the rest of this widely distributed English language publication of the Rumanian government is nothing more than blatant falsification of history, the above statements clearly prove that the Great Powers responsible for the Peace Treaties did not trust the fate of the minorities completely to the discretion of the Rumanians but reserved the right to intervene if the need should occur, by any means that seems necessary for the protection of the more than four million ethnic minorities incorporated into the Rumanian state.
Since the Rumanians themselves admit that this "Right of Intervention" exists, there is no reason why it shouldn't be implemented in order to save those millions of men, women and children who are exposed today to the ruthless persecution of a sadistic government which openly advocated that it will not tolerate ethnic groups within its borders.
The Idea of Federalism
on the Rise Again

During the last century, devastating wars and ultranationalistic upheavals left the ethnic minorities of the Carpathian Basin to the mercy of increasingly intolerant majorities, especially in Transylvania. As oppression became more and more unbearable, writers, poets, philosophers and some moderate statesmen began to voice the need for a workable solution, which could restore peace, order and stability in this otherwise immensely rich land we know as Transylvania. The geographical, ethnographical and culturepolitical similarities between Switzerland and Transylvania have been pointed out again and again by members of all three nationality groups inhabiting the land. It seemed logical that in order to secure a peaceful and profitable coexistence between the Rumanians (approx. 4.8 million), the Hungarians (approx. 3 million) and the Germans (approx. 200,000) the Swiss pattern should be duplicated with certain modifications suitable to the specifically Transylvanian situations.
History proved that under the protecting urnbrella of the St. Stephen's Crown and its Constitution, which recongized no difference between nationalities, Transylvania was able to prosper for centuries and become the standardbearer of Western Christian Culture as the Easternmost frontier of Central Europe. Until outside forces began to exercise their political influences by turning one coexisting nationality against the other in order to create disturbances and thus weaken the resistance of the Hungarian Kingdom, which kept the balance of Europe for centuries by defending the fortress of the Carpathian Basin, the very gate to the rest of Europe.
This gate was broken down and the natural fortress of the Carpathians invaded from the East three times during the course of history. First by the Tartars of Batu Khan, one of the generals of Ghengis Khan, in 1242. In spite of the enormous destruction caused by this invasion, the country recuperated in a relatively short period of time. The second invasion came during the 15th century, enabling the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire to rule over the central portion of the Carpathian Basin for 150 years, but still without the ability to completely destroy it. However, it weakened the resistance of the population to the point where it became easy for the Habsburg Empire to draw the entire territory of the Hungarian Kingdom into its own sphere of influence, abolishing the constitution and expanding its absolute rule over the people.
This curtailment of all the religious, political and administrative rights to which the inhabitants of the Carpathian Basin were accustomed, caused several revolts and revolutionary wars during the 18th and 19th centuries, in which Hungarians, Croatians, Slovaks, Serbians and even some Rumanians fought side by side against the Habsburg armies. However, the well known Habsburg slogan "Divide and Conquer" was put into practice and succeeded in turning some of the coexisting nationalities, especially the Rumanians, against the Hungarian population, thus securing Habsburg victory over the insurgents.
This is that tragic point in history where the Rumanians of Transylvania, who entered the land as refugees and migrant workers during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, became alienated from the native Hungarian population of the hostcountry. From here on, the coexistence turned into intrigue and hostility.
It was Governor Louis Kossuth, leader of the Liberty War of 184849 who first declared the necessity of a "Federation of Nationalities" under the umbrella of the newly declared Hungarian Republic. The Liberty War of the young Republic against the Habsburg Empire was practically won, when answering the call of the 16 year old Emperor Franz Joseph, the Czar of Russia sent an army of 100,000 against the freedom fighters, and within a few months the war was over. The Rumanians of Transylvania, at the instigation of Habsburg agents, turned on defenseless Hungarian towns and villages, massacring thousands of people with unprecedented cruelty. These terrible deeds drove the ultimate wedge between the Hungarians and the Rumanians of Transylvania. It also changed the balance of the population. Until 1949 the native Hungarians constituted the majority nation in Transylvania. But due to the massacres as well as the executions, arrests and deportations perpetrated by the Imperial Army, which forced thousands of Hungarian patriots to flee their native land, the Rumanian population gained a slight numerical majority
After the Kingdom of Rumania was established at the end of the 19th century just beyond the mountains, uniting the two Vlach principalities of Vlachia and Moldova. the international intrigue to "unite" Transylvania with this new country became an obsession with those underground powers who were seeking the opportunity to dismantle the AustroHungarian Monarchy and break down for the third time in history the fortress guarding Central Europe: the unified Carpathian Basin. This goal was accomplished through World War I, and the socalled "Peace Treaties" that followed. The fortress was blown into pieces with dynamite.
Those few who foresaw the danger of Russiandirected Communist expansion swallowing up Central Europe, began to examine the possibilities of rebuilding the unity of the Carpathian Basin in some acceptable way. They soon realized, that the only workable solution would be the old Kossuthidea, namely a federation of all the coexisting nationalities as independent administrative units with equal rights and equal obligations, However, the ideological confusion and the network of international intrigues, which prevailed in the preWorld War II decades, made it impossible to even discuss the possibilities of such Federation. Therefore the tragic end was inevitable. Midst the raging emotions of national hatred, the giant steam roller of the Red Army crushed and pulverized the Carpathian Basin, creating a bloodshed that devoured more lives than the Tartars of Ghenghis Khan and the armies of the Sultan together.
It took forty years, and the maturing of an entirely new generation which had never witnessed the "old days" and was not influenced by anything but the sole instinct of survival, to resurrect at least in thought, the idea of some sort of federation as the solution for an acceptable coexistence and a brighter future. They are the representatives of a new generation of Hungarians, Croatians, Slovaks and even Rumanians, who are beginning to exchange some thoughts about the possibilities of such a move. But only very carefully, on a very low key, not to challenge the powers in charge, which keep their rules entrenched on the supposition that in one country only one nationality has the right to exist, and every other "foreign element" has to be annihilated in order to secure their power and the intangibility of the national borders.
While today Rumania is holding the most extreme position in the concept of total annihilation all nonRumanianspeaking elements in this multinational country, Hungary stands at the opposite end of the scale by accepting all nationalities as equal, endowed with the same rights. This ancient virtue of tolerance, which made the Hungarian Kingdom for centuries the refuge of all those persecuted, seems to be showing through even from under the heavy coat of the Moscowred.
While this surge toward a permanent solution for a lasting and peaceful coexistence can be noticed only submerged in the underground of the countries concerned, out here in the Free World we encounter more and more open discussion and serious articles dealing with the subject of a Carpathian, Danubian or Central European Federation. It is only a question of time when reason and common sense will replace the self destructive emotions still raging today and will begin to open the doors to a better future for all concerned.

The Road to Peace and Justice
in the Carpathian Basin

October, 1984
The Trans ylvanian Quarterly

NEEDED:
BLUEPRINT FOR JUSTiCE, PEACE AND PROSPERITY IN THE CARPA THIAN BASIN

During the last few months several articles appeared in America as well as Europe and Australia dealing with the nationality problems of EastCentral Europe, known as the Carpathian Basin. Most of these articles seem to be trying to find a viable solution for the future of this troubled part of our world, based on justice, wisdom and economical feasibility. The last of these articles. representing the viewpoint of the Transylvanian World Federation and written by the president of the U.S. Branches of this organization, sums up the principles upon which a successful unity ofall the nationalities inhabiting the Carpathian Basin may be built

In the July 29, 1984 issue of the Catholic Hungarian Sunday we were privileged to read a very significant article entitled "God Save You My Hungarian Friend" written by a gentleman who signed his name as Count Alexander Urechia. Though we have never heard of a Count Urechia before, the excellence of the thoughts expressed in the article places the writer next to the late Professor Dr. Jonel P. Margineanu, the staunchest supporter ever of the idea of peace with justice in the Carpathian Basin.
Count Urechia suggests in his article the establishment of a Carpathian Federation which would guarantee equal rights and equal representation to all the nationalities inhabiting the country, similar to Switzerland.
The idea is not new. It was brought up first by Louis Kossuth, leader of the Hungarian Liberty War of 1848 and President of the first Hungarian Republic, whose heroic struggle for freedom was brutally squashed by the joint imperial armies of the Austrian Emperor and the Czar of Russia. The idea surfaced several times between the two World Wars, and again after the tragic end of World War II, promoted by members of the Hungarian Exile. However, every effort so far in this direction was met by the Rumanians as well as the Czechs, with firm refusal. The political and the cultural leaders of these two nations insist that the "nationality problems" of the Carpathian basin be solved by the forced assimilation of all nonCzech and nonRumanian native ethnic minorities and through the complete annihilation of their cultural heritage, no matter how many human lives must be sacrificed to turn by force, multinational countries into singlenation states.
Besides members of the Hungarian exile, several Austrian, German, Slovakian and Croatian scholars were examining in the recent years the needs and the feasibility of some sort of union or federation between the coexisting nationalities of the Carpathian Basin and the Danube Valley.
This trend of thinking is due to the obvious fact that with the shrinking of our globe we are headed toward larger economical and political unity for the sake of peace and higher living standards. It is also obvious that besides our inherited human weaknesses there is nothing to prevent well meaning, sober and justice loving peoples living in the same land no matter how many different languages they speak from finding ways of establishing a common framework which includes everybody without injuring anyone.
Especially, since the Carpathian Basin as such, used to be for almost ten centuries, up to 1919, the most stable economical, cultural and political unit in Central Europe, (known as the Hungarian Kingdom encompased it within it's long lasting borders many nationalities, all of them protected by the Constitution of the St. Stephen's Crown. No matter how ultranationalistic propaganda is trying to falsify history today, the facts are that in the "Lands of the St. Stephen's Crown" Hungarians, Germans, Croatians, Slovaks, Serbians and Rumanians lived and prospered side by side or fought side by side against invaders for long centuries. Instead of being exterminated or forced to give up their national identity, everyone of the coexisting nationalities was able to develop its own culture, build and maintain its own churches, its own institutions, in spite of the overlapping language boundaries. If this wouldn't be true, there wouldn't be any Slovaks, Germans, Rumanians or Serbians today in the Carpathian Basin. While on the other hand it is also obvious that should the borders of today which chopped up arbitrarily the Carpathian Basin, be maintained for another sixty years under the intolerant and ultranationalistic governments of Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia; there won't be any Hungarians left in Transylvania, Upper Hungary, and Southern Hungary, though the native Hungarian population of those regions forced under foreign domination, exceeded five million in 1920. Today, this number is already reduced to less than four million, in spite of the fact that at the same time the Slovak, Rumanian and Serbian population increased, according to statistics by 23.6%.
The "Danubian Federation", as outlined by Count Urechia, would have a population of about 40 million: 15 million Hungarians, 15 million Rumanians, 4 million Croatians, 4 million Slovaks and about 2 million other nationlities. Should this Federation of Autonomous Republics be joined by Austria, the total population would number about 47 million. Taking into consideration the total assets of the Danubian Valley in raw materials, resources, its potentials in the fields of industry, commerce and agriculture, it must be obvious that such a well balanced country would become a serious power in Europe and could offer a high living standard to every one of its citizens.
What is needed to achieve this goal, which would benefit every nationality group in an equal measure, bringing peace and prosperity? Nothing more than wise and prudent planning. The ironing out of all conflicts and differences. Most of all: a tremendous amount of patience and honest good will.
The question is quite simple: do we have, all of us, the necessary patience and good will? Because if we have it, all of us, Hungarians, Rumanians, Croatians, Slovaks and everybody else, the wisdom and talent needed to plan and build the framework, wilt be there.

Genocide in Transylvania